What is the difference between ATS and human screening?

ATS filters based on predefined criteria — keywords, mandatory qualifications, completion of specific steps. Human screening evaluates context, quality of wording, cultural fit, and factors that are difficult to quantify. NIST AI RMF: automated systems have documented blind spots — they do not evaluate what they cannot read. ISO 10667: valid personnel selection processes always require human judgement in critical decision phases. EU AI Act: high-risk AI in recruiting must ensure human oversight. Practical consequence: a CV must pass two tests — first the ATS parse test (machine-readable, keywords), second the 30-second recruiter test (convincing at first glance). Optimising for both is not a contradiction.